细菌性阴道病病因学研究进展

Review on the etiology of bacterial vaginosis

细菌性阴道病是育龄期妇女最常见的阴道感染性疾病。在过去的50年中已经发现多种能够引发BV的危险因素。然而,由于BV的复杂性以及缺乏可靠的动物模型,其病因至今为止仍不清楚。本文综述了BV病因学主要理论的进展:BV相关生物膜、正常阴道微生物群和宿主的免疫反应,BV是多种因素相互作用的结果。近年来有报道BV菌群对甲硝唑的耐药,BV的复发率也在不断增高,了解各种因素在BV的发病中的作用对于预防和治疗都有着重要作用。

Bacterial vaginosis（ BV） is the most common vaginal infection among women of childbearing age. Five decades of intense research established many risk factors for acquisition of BV; however,because of the complexity of BV and lack of reliable animal models for this condition,its exact etiology remains elusive. In this manuscript,we summarize the development of major theories on the etiology of BV,ultimately implicating BV-related pathogens,healthy vaginal microbiota and the immune response of the host. None of these theories on their own can reliably explain the epidemiological data. Instead,BV is caused by a complex interaction of multiple factors. Moreover,it has been reported that the resistance to metronidazole and the rate of BV recurrence is rising recently. Clear understanding of various factors that contribute to the etiology of BV is pivotal to the formulation of an effective treatment for and prophylaxis of this condition.