破产实体合并司法裁判标准反思——一个比较的视角

Reflection on the Standard of Judicial Adjudication of Bankruptcy Entity Consolidation: A Comparative Perspective

在我国目前的关联企业破产实体合并司法实践中,公司法人格混同是法院作出实体合并的主要裁定标准。对实体合并案例的实证分析表明,单一的裁定标准不能回应实务中的债权人异议,并易于引发对这一制度的质疑。比较法考察发现美国作为这一制度的起源国,就这一问题的司法裁定标准经历了由公司法人格混同标准到综合裁定标准的发展。建议我国将关联企业破产实体合并标准将现有的单一裁定标准扩展为包含资产分离困难标准、破产管理收益标准与债权人期待标准的综合标准,从而更好地发挥实体合并制度在解决公司集团破产问题方面的制度功能。

In the judicial practice of the bankruptcy entity consolidation of the affiliated enterprise in China,the personality confusion of the company law is the main ruling standard of the court.An empirical analysis of the case of entity merger shows that a single ruling standard can not respond to the objection of the creditors in practice,and it is easy to raise questions about the system.The comparative study found that the United States as the origin of the system,has gone through the development of the standard of corporate personality confusion to the development of comprehensive criteria.China will expand the single standard to comprehensive standard including asset management income standard,difficult separation of bankruptcy and creditors expect standard,in order to better play the system function of entity consolidation.