不同播期下11个鲜食大豆品种比较试验

Comparative Trial of Several Vegetable Soybean Varieties at Different Sowing Time

为探讨新引入的鲜食大豆品种属性和播期适宜性,以大豆品种‘宏秋绿霸’为对照,通过对11个鲜食大豆新品种生育期、株型特征、产量及播期的比较,力求筛选出适合当地栽培推广的优质、高产新品种。结果表明:(1)‘青酥2号’属早熟品种,生育期为60 d;‘开育九号’、‘北丰3号’、荚满园、景峰珍品、引豆9701和青丰早属早中熟品种,生育期63~70 d;‘浙鲜8号’和‘宏秋绿霸’属于中晚熟品种,生育期分别为78和73 d。(2)参试品种最适播期在5月15日左右(相对于4月25日),适宜晚播可增加产量。(3)随着播期延迟(适宜的延迟),参试鲜食大豆品种花期缩短,植株高度明显下降,百粒重增加,标准荚率增加,病害降低,虫害增加。

In order to investigate the soybean properties and suitability of some newly introduced fresh-edible soybean varieties in sowing stage, 11 vegetable soybean varieties were chosen with the soybean variety Hongqiulyuba as control to observe and compare their growth period, plant type, yield and sowing period for final selection of high yielding quality fresh-edible soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in the local area. The results showed that soybean variety ＇Qingsu 2＇ was late-mature vegetable soybean varieties with the growth period of 60 days. Varieties ＇Kaiyu 9＇, ＇ Beifeng 3＇, ＇ Jiamanyuan＇, ＇Jingfengzhenping＇, ＇Yingdou 9701＇ and ＇Qingfengzao＇ were mid-mature vegetable soybean varieties with the maturity period of 63-70 d; varieties ＇Zhexian 8＇ and Hongqiulvba were late vegetable soybean varieties with the maturity period of 78 d and 73 d, respectively. The best sowing time for all varieties under trial was in May 15 or so. These varieties increased their yield when sown a bit late, as compared to the sowing time on April 25. As the sowing time was delayed the flowering period was shortened, the plant height was lower, the 100-grain weight increased, the standard pod rate increased, the diseases reduced and insect pests increased.