海南入境台湾果蔬危险性有害生物普查及其安全性评估

General Survey and Safety Assessment of Pests in Fruit and Vegetable Crops Exported to Taiwan from Hainan

适应海南入境台湾果蔬产业健康、快速、可持续发展的需要,系统开展了海南入境台湾果蔬危险性有害生物普查,并采用PRA评估模型对17种外来入侵危险性有害生物进行了风险评估。2009~2010年考察发现,海南入境台湾果蔬以芒果、西瓜、哈密瓜、辣椒、番茄、莲雾、番木瓜和番石榴为主,主要分布在文昌、琼海、三亚、乐东、东方、昌江、澄迈、海口等农场和瓜菜生产基地,并且各瓜菜品种种植面积因市场价格影响年份间波动较大;调查共查获海南入境台湾果蔬危险性有害生物68种,包括害虫32种,病原微生物16种,杂草20种,其中外来入侵危险性有害生物17种;大面积严重发生与危害危险性有害生物25种;桔小实蝇、螺旋粉虱、烟粉虱、西瓜细菌性果斑病在海南均属于高度危险有害生物。上述结果为进一步开展海南入境台湾果蔬危险性有害生物监测预警与防控提供了前期工作基础。

A general survey of dangerous pests of the fruits and vegetables planted in Hainan were conducted to meet the healthy, rapid and sustainable development of Taiwan-imported fruit and vegetable industry in Hainan,, and 17 exotic pests were assessed by using pest risk assessment（PRA） model. The results showed that most of fruits and vegetables imported to Taiwan from Hainan in 2009 and 2010 were mango, watermelon, melon, pepper, tomato, wax apple, papaya, guava, and that they were mainly planted in Wenchang, Qionghai, Sanya, Dongfang, Changjiang, Chengmai and Haikou. The annual growing areas of these fruits and vegetables varied with market demand. The survey revealed that 68 species of pests were identified from the fruits and vegetables imported into Taiwan, including 32 insects and mites, 16 diseases, 20 weeds. There were 17 exotic pests and 25 pests with serious outbreak and high risk among the identified pests. Bactrocera dorsalis, Citrullus lanatus, Aleurodicus disperses and Bemisia tabaci were highly risky pests in Hainan. These results provided references for the monitoring, warning and controling of the pests in fruits and vegetables imported into Taiwan from Hainan.