2013—2015年林芝市农田土壤中蛔虫卵的污染情况

Ascaris egg contamination in farmland soil of Linzhi City from 2013-2015

目的了解林芝市农田土壤中蛔虫卵污染状况,探讨蛔虫卵污染土壤的因素。方法按照《西藏自治区农村环境监测项目技术方案》,对林芝市巴宜区、工布江达县、米林县、波密县4个县(区)农村环境卫生进行监测。结果 2013—2015年每年采集土壤80份,共采集土壤240份,蛔虫卵检出率为37.50%,活蛔虫检出率为21.67%。其中2013和2014及2015年蛔虫卵检出率分别为32.60%、40.00%和38.75%;活蛔虫卵检出率分别为27.50%、32.75%和17.50%。年份之间农田土壤蛔虫卵检出率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.28,P>0.05),年份之间活蛔虫卵检出率比较,差异也无统计学意义(χ~2=2.41,P>0.05);2013—2015年土壤蛔虫检出率大于40%为巴宜区、波密县,其他两县均小于40%;经χ~2检验行政村环境卫生工作对土壤蛔虫检出有影响(P<0.05);土壤性质对蛔虫卵和活蛔虫卵检出无影响(P>0.05)。结论西藏林芝市农田土壤蛔虫卵污染状况严重,农牧民群众感染蛔虫危险性较高,应加大卫生经费投入,重点加强改厕、粪便无害化处理等,同时开展爱国卫生运动,降低人群感染蛔虫的机会,提高人民群众的身体健康。

[Objective] To understand the ascaris egg contamination in farmland soil of Linzhi City, analyze the related factors. [Methods ]According to the Technical scheme of rural environmental monitoring project in Xizang Autonomous Region, the rural environmental health was performed in Bayi District, Gongbo＇gyamda County, Mainling County and Bomi County of Linzhi City. [Results]During 2013-2015, 80 soil samples were collected every year, and the detection rate of ascaris egg and live ascaris egg in 240 soil samples was 37.5% and 21.67% respectively. The detection rate of ascaris egg and live ascaris egg was respectively 32.60% and 27.50% in 2013, 40.00% and 32.75% in 2014, 38.75% and 17.50% in 2015. There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate of ascaris egg （χ2=1.28 ,P〉0.05 ） and live ascaris egg （χ2=2.41, P〉0.05 ） in farmland soil among different years. During 2013-2015, the detection rates of ascaris egg in Bayi District and Bomi County were higher than 40%, while those in Gongbo＇gyamda County and Mainling County were lower than 40% .Chi square test showed that environmental health of the administrative villages had an effect on the detection rate of ascaris in farmland soil （P〈0.05）, while the soil properties was not related to the detection rates of ascaris egg and live ascaris egg （P〉0.05）.[Conclusion] The ascaris egg contamination in farmland soil is serious in Linzhi City, and farmers and herdsmen are at high risk of ascariasis. It is necessary to increase the investment of health funds, focus on the improvement of toilet and fecal harmless treatment, and carry out the patriotic health campaign to reduce the chances of ascaris infection and improve the health of the people.