垂直专业化、核心技术创新与自主品牌创建——基于产业集群中我国本土企业创新行为视角

Vertical Specialization,Core-technology Innovation and Self-owned Brand Establishment:Based on Innovation Behavior of Domestic Local Enterprises in Industrial Cluster

在产业集群空间生态中,融入跨国公司主导的国际分工体系的本土企业,通过产品外观设计和实用新型获取低成本优势和低价竞争的经济效益。这种从低端切入全球价值链的国际分工模式,使得本土企业的核心技术创新和自主品牌创建被长期"低端锁定"。基于分工专业化理论及Helpman、Dixit&Stigltz的基本思想进行理论推演和博弈分析,可以发现本土企业在代工过程中,与跨国公司技术差距越大,跨国公司越不打击本土企业研发,本土企业也越不愿意研发;虽然本土企业通过"干中学"不断提高技术水平以及扩大规模提升竞争力,却存在不确定性,从短期来看自主品牌创建可能性不大。考虑进入中间产品市场的本土企业生产所需的固定成本越小,最终产品市场的需求越大,在中间产品市场上讨价还价的能力越强、效率较高就越有可能通过自创品牌获得利润。地方政府主导的"政金产学研"协同创新模式下,企业方和学研方获得协同创新收益相同时,双方的最佳策略是合作策略,是唯一的纳什均衡。因此,地方政府应引导和扶持产业集群中的本土企业,兼顾"产业品牌与企业品牌"创建,实现产业集群从"外向型"向"内生型"转变,这样可能更加有益于中小企业集群的协同创新活动。

In industrial cluster,local enterprises integrate into international division system dominated by transnational corporation through product appearance design and utility model to get low-cost advantage and low-price competition and to reap economic benefits.Integrating into international division system from low level suppresses the core technology and establishment of self-owned brand.Based on the theory of division of labor and profession and basic thoughts of Helpman,Dixit and Stigltz,we can reveal the main obstacles of core technology and self-owned brand establishment of local enterprises.Moreover,we’ll also reveal the ways of local enterprises to realize independent research and development in industrial cluster by adopting government-finance-industry-university-research collaborative innovation model.We find that the larger the technology gap is between local enterprises and transnational corporation,the more unlikely transnational corporation is to suppress the research and development of local enterprises and the more reluctant the local enterprises are to research and develop.Although local enterprises improve technology level and enlarge scale to strengthen competitiveness through learning by doing,there is uncertainty.In the short term,the establishment of selfowned brand is hard.The lower the cost of local enterprise integrating into intermediate product market is,the more products the final product market demands.The higher the capability to bargain is,the higher the efficiency is and more profits can be gained through self-owned brand.In innovation model of government-financial-industry-universityresearch cooperation oriented by local government,when the industry and university reap benefits equally,the best strategy is cooperation.This just conforms to Nash equilibrium.Therefore,local government should guide and support local enterprises in industrial cluster and take industrial brand and enterprise brand into consideration to realize the change from export-oriented industry to import-oriented industry.This is beneficial to the collaborative innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises cluster in Yangtze River delta.