联合国气候变化框架公约下发展中国家的能力建设谈判回顾

The Review on Capacity-Building Negotiation of Developing Countries Under the Convention

增强发展中国家能力建设是全球应对气候变化的重要前提条件,而在联合国气候变化框架公约(UNFCCC)的谈判进程中,能力建设部分一直进展缓慢。自缔约方第7次会(COP7)上确定了发展中国家能力建设框架后,能力建设的机制建设一直没有取得实质性进展。在巴黎气候变化大会(COP21)上,缔约方一致通过了《巴黎协定》。《巴黎协定》首次授权通过执行附属机构(SBI)建立巴黎能力建设委员会(PCCB)。该委员会将全面协调对发展中国家能力建设的支持,同时监管2016—2020年的能力建设工作计划,全面系统地促进和增强发展中国家应对气候变化的能力建设活动。另外,《巴黎协定》还同意建立透明度能力建设倡议(CBIT)用以增强2020年前后的机制和技术能力。随后,全球环境基金(GEF)为该倡议成立了CBIT信托基金。至此,公约下能力建设议题已经建立了相对完整的国际机制。未来议题的谈判将走向务实与细节。随着全球应对气候变化迈向一个新阶段,中国在能力建设议题的谈判上也应做相应的调整。

Enhancing capacity building in developing countries is an important prerequisite for global climate change actions. In the negotiating process of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the capacity-building issue has been slow to move forward. Since the capacity-building framework for developing countries was identified at the seventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties （COP7）, there has been no substantive progress in the development of capacity-building mechanisms. At the Paris Conference on Climate Change （COP21）, the Parties unanimously adopted the Paris Agreement. For the frst time, the Paris Agreement authorized the establishment of the Paris Capacity Building Committee （PCCB） through Subsidiary Body for Implementation （SBI）. It will fully coordinate capacity-building support for developing countries and will oversee the 2016？2020 workplan for capacity-building to comprehensively and systematically promote and enhance capacity-building activities in developing countries to tackle climate change. In addition, the Paris Agreement also agreed to establish the Transparency Capacity-Building Initiative （CBIT） to strengthen the institutional and technical capacity around 2020. Subsequently, the Global Environment Facility （GEF） established the CBIT Trust Fund for the Initiative. Thus, a relatively complete international mechanism has been established on the issue of capacity-building under the Convention. Negotiations on future issues will move towards pragmatism and detail. As the global response to climate change is stepping into a new stage, China’s capacity-building issues in the negotiations should also be adjusted accordingly.