从良渚大坝谈中国古代堰坝的发展

Development of Ancient Dams in China Based on Liangzhu Dam

中国古代堰坝是古代蓄水工程和引水工程的壅水建筑物.浙江余杭良渚大坝的发现,进一步证实我国古代堰坝历史最早出现在距今5 000 a前.古堰坝修建的时间、目的、规模、类型、功能随着时间的不同而有所变化与发展,古代堰坝根据筑造坝材料可以分为土坝、木坝、草木坝、灰坝、木笼填石坝等主要5种.中国古代堰坝的出现、发展、废弃或重修使用,见证了古代水利科技的进步和中国水利的发展历史,成为了一笔宝贵的水文化遗产和财富.

In ancient China, the dam was the backwater structure of the ancient water storage project and water diversion project. The history of the ancient dams in China can be pushed up to 5000 years after the emergence of the Liangzhu Dam. The time, the purpose, the scale, the type and the function of the ancient dam construction changed and developed with the time. The materials adopted in ancient dams varied with soil , wood, cribwork, etc. The emergence, the development, the abandonment or reuse of the ancient dams witnessed the progress of ancient water conservancy science and technology as well as the development of China’s water conservancy history,has become a valuable heritage and wealth of water culture.