水资源管理理念演化与管理模式比较

Concepts and Mechanism Evolution of Water Resources Management

水资源管理理念与管理模式因不同历史时期面临的水问题及经济社会状况不同而变化.水资源管理的理念与模式演变大致经历了满足生存需要、满足经济增长需求、满足可持续发展理念、集成水资源管理、幸福导向的水资源管理理念等阶段.国外的水资源管理模式相继经历了单目标模式到多目标模式,再到目前的流域综合管理与可持续发展的模式,我国水资源管理模式在演化过程中形成一系列具体不同的水资源管理模式:行政区域管理、流域管理、资源化管理等.基于集成水资源管理的管理方法仍然是目前国内外水资源管理采取的主要管理模式,摒弃GDP导向的水资源管理理念,探索出面向流域居民幸福的水资源管理新模式可能是水资源管理发展的大趋势.

Concepts and mechanism of water resource management vary with water problems and economic and social situa-tion of different history period. Based on comparison and optimization of different water resources management models in China and abroad, the author draws a conclusion that the concepts and mechanism evolution of water resources management mainly experienced five stages ： to meet existence ne eds, to satisfy growth requirements, to realize the idea of sustainable development, integrated water resources management, and happiness-oriented water resources management. Water re-sources management abroad experienced from single objective model to multi-objective model, then to the current river ba-sin integrated management and sustainable development model. In the evolution process of China’s water management,a se-ries of specific water management patterns are formed ： administrative region management, watershed management, re-sources management, etc. While integrated water resources management is extensively used in China and abroad nowadays, abandoning traditional GDP targeted concepts of water resources management. The happiness-oriented water resources man-agement for basin residents will be the primary trend of the development of water resources management.