排污费环境治理效应的实证研究——以电力产业污染减排为例

An empirical study on the effect of sewage charges on Environmental Governance——a case study of power industry pollution reduction

排污费是我国环境污染治理的重要手段之一,能将企业外部化成本内部化。本文通过分析电力产业2000-2015年的有关数据,利用EVIEWS统计软件实证检验排污费的环境治理效果。研究表明:排污费对电力产业二氧化硫排放呈现倒"U"型关系;通过EWIEWS软件对排污费与氮氧化物做XY散点图,结果显示两者是正向关系。电力产业污染排放与经济发展水平之间也存在环境的库兹涅茨曲线,电力产业能源使用强度与污染排放是正向关系,电力产业固定资产投资能够减低污染排放量,降低二产比重、优化产业结构可以减低污染排放,改善环境。通过对比两种污染物的实证结果得出排污价格的提高,排污费用的增加能够促使污染排放的拐点出现;不同污染物出现拐点的价格标准是不同的。针对以上问题提出应该提高排污价格和排污收费标准,增强排污价格引导机制。

Sewage charges is one of the important means of environmental pollution control in our country, which can internalize the external cost of enterprises. Based on the analysis of the relevant data of the electric power industry in 2000-2015, this paper empirically tests the effect of environmental pollution control through the statistical analysis software of EVIEWS. The result shows that the sewage and the power industry sulfur dioxide have the relationship of a ＂U＂ type; to do the XY dispersion of nitrogen oxides of the sewage charges and the power industry, the result shows that the two are positive relationship. The level of economic development and environmental pollution are Kuznets curve .The electric power industry energy intensity and emissions is posi- tive, the electric power industry fixed assets investment can reduce pollution emissions, reducing the proportion of secondary industry, optimizing the industrial structure can reduce pollution emis- sions, then improving the environmental quality. By comparing the empirical results of the two pollu- tants, it can be concluded that the increasing in the price of sewage can promote the inflection point of pollution emission. In view of the above problems, we should raise the price of sewage discharge and the standard of sewage charges and strengthen the mechanism of the price of sewage.