从国家构建到共建共享的法治转向——基于社会组织与法治建设之间关系的考察

Transition of the Pattern of the Rule of Law from “State Construction” to “Co-construction and Sharing”

近四十年来,社会组织与法治建设之间的关系,在整体上呈现出一条以国家构建为主导的路线图。其间,政府监管部门在徘徊变革中力图打造"以社会管社会"的新格局,但功效欠佳;社会组织则在曲折成长中践行着民间构建行动,但作用乏力。这就导致法治进程中社会组织的功能性"不在场",并促发了"两极结构"怪圈、汲取性机制风险、自律秩序不足、国家构建与民间构建错位等问题,严重制约了治理法治化秩序的生成。在"四个全面"战略布局下,从国家构建到共建共享的转型已成大势所趋,目前亟需重塑社会组织在法治建设中的使命和功能,进而迈向共建共享型的"法治中国"之路。

The complicated relationship between social organizations and the construction of the rule of law during the past 40 years in China has been dominated by the ＂state construction＂ pattern. In this period, government regulators have attempted to create a new pattern of ＂regulation of society by society＂ in the process of reform, but the outcomes are not very satisfactory. Meanwhile, social organizations have been engaged in ＂civil construction＂ in their tortuous course of development, but the impact of their efforts has been weak. This has led to the functional ＂absence＂ of social organizations in the advancement of the rule of law, along with such problems as the vicious structure of social po- larization, systematic risks of extractive character, weakness of self-governance order, and real-posi- tion of state construction and civil construction, which have severely impeded the legalization of social governance. Currently, under the strategic arrangement of ＂Four Comprehensives＂, the transition of the pattern of rule-of-law construction from that of state construction to that of ＂co-construction and sharing＂ has clearly become a historical trend. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the responsi- bilities and functions of social organizations, so that a ＂law-based China＂ can be ultimately constructed via the ＂co-construction and sharing＂ approach.