影响瑞士德语母语者汉语声调产出的个体因素和社会语言因素

The Effects of Individual and Sociolinguistic Factors on Chinese Tone Production of Swiss-German Native Speakers

声调是导致汉语外语口音的一个十分重要的超音段特征。通过考察朗读任务、汉语学习时长、汉语接触、认同和动机对瑞士德语母语者汉语声调产出的影响,得出以下结论:朗读任务对声调错误率有显著影响,朗读汉字语段比朗读拼音语段的声调错误更多。汉语学习时长对声调错误率无显著影响,而且朗读任务和汉语学习时长之间无显著的交互作用,但是朗读拼音语段的声调错误率随着学习时长增加有提高趋势。在朗读拼音语段条件下,认同、汉语接触和动机均不是瑞士德语母语者声调错误率变异的显著预测源,但是语言认同跟声调错误率呈显著的负相关,文化认同跟声调错误率呈显著的正相关。在朗读汉字语段条件下,文化认同、汉语接触和动机不是预测声调错误率的显著变量,但是汉语使用程度和语言认同均跟声调错误率呈显著的负相关,而且语言认同可以有效地预测声调错误率的变异,语言认同得分越高,声调错误率越低。

Tone is a very important supra-segmental feature, which may lead to foreign accent of Chinese. This study exam- ined the influence of five individual and sociolinguistic factors on Chinese tone production of Swiss-German native speakers, including reading task, learning time, Chinese contact, identity and motivation. It is found that these five factors have sig- nificant effects on tone production. Reading task shows significant effects on the ratio of tone error. Participants make more tone errors in reading Chinese characters phrase than Pinyin phrase. Learning time has no effect on the ratio of tone error. However, the tone errors of Chinese Pinyin phrase increase with the learning time. In addition, there is no significant corre- lation between reading task and learning time. Regarding another three factors, it is found that identity, Chinese contact and motivation cannot be used to predict the variance of the ratio of tone error of Chinese Pinyin phrase. However, a negative cor- relation could be observed between language identity and the ratio of tone error, while a positive correlation between cultural identity and the ratio of tone error. Furthermore, culture identity, Chinese contact and motivation show no ability to predict the ratio of tone error in reading Chinese character phrase, while the degree of Chinese use and language identity are both negatively related to the ratio of tone error. Language identity can be used to predict the variance of the ratio of tone error effec- tively. The higher the language identity, the lower the ratio of tone error.