基于EST-SSR标记的黄淮海和南方大豆育成品种遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of Soybean Cultivars Released Based on EST-SSR Marker

以我国黄淮海和南方大豆产区的153份大豆育成品种为材料,选用26对EST-SSR分子标记通过Power Marker V 3.25等软件对其进行遗传多样性、相似性与特异性分析。结果表明:153份大豆共检测到238个等位变异,变幅3~25个,平均8.1个;多态信息量变幅0.15~0.87,平均0.61;遗传变异丰富。基于EST-SSR分子标记的聚类分析将153个材料聚为3大类13小类。特异性分析表明,黄淮海产区的育成品种的特有等位变异较南方产区的多,特缺等位变异要少于南方,1991-2000年的特有等位变异最多;随着时间的推移,大量的外来育种材料应用于大豆育种,大豆育成品种的遗传基础有所拓宽。EST-SSR标记适用于大豆育成品种遗传多样性研究,研究结果可以为以后大豆种质资源保存与新品种的选育提供分子水平上的理论支持。

Study of the genetic diversity and the similarity among cuhivars is important for crop genetic improvement. In this study, 26 EST-SSRs were investigated for the genetic diversity, similarity, and specificity of 153 soybean cultivars from Huang-Huai-Hai and Nan-Fang by Power Marker V 3.25. The results showed that there were wholly 238 alleles, averaged in 8. 1 per locus, ranging from 3 to 25 with average polymorphism information content 0. 61, ranging from 0. 15 to 0. 87 in the population. Based on EST-SSR marker data cluster analysis indicated that the 153 cuhivars were clustered into 7 groups, 13 subgroups, with a tendency that the cultivars in the region inclined to be grouped into a same group. The genetic specificity a- nalysis Showed that Huang-Huai-Hai specifically existent alleles more rich alleles than the south, specifically deficient alleles less than the south. And specifically existent alleles the cultivars for the period of 1991 -2000 were the most. Which result from some frequent germplasm exchange among the neighboring eco-regions and exotic breeding materials were applied in soy- bean breeding. The present results indicated that EST-SSRs markers were feasible and effective to analyze the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean and provide a significant reference for broadening the genetic base of soybean cultivars.