株距对不同株型大豆农艺性状及产量的影响

Effect of Plant Spacing on Agronomic Trait and Yield of Different Plant Type Soybean

为探讨不同株距对黑龙江克拜地区大豆农艺性状及产量的影响,于2011和2012年在大田栽培条件下,采用裂区设计,主处理为株距因子,6个水平分别是2,3,4,5,7,10 cm;副处理为品种因子,7个水平,3种生态株型,分别是无限多分枝(丰收6号和华疆7734)、无限少分枝(丰收10号和丰收27)和亚有限主茎型(丰收24、克山1号和克福07-935)。结果表明:不同株距条件对大豆农艺性状及产量影响显著。随着株距增加,株高在营养生长阶段呈现逐渐降低趋势,在后期呈现先升后降趋势;5节高度和底荚高度降低,主茎节数、分枝数、茎粗、1粒荚、2粒荚、3粒荚、4粒荚、瘪荚、主茎荚和全株荚数升高;百粒重变化没有规律性,虫粒率和病粒率降低;蛋白质含量降低,脂肪含量升高;产量呈现先升后降趋势,分枝型材料适宜株距为7 cm,主茎型材料适宜株距为5 cm。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different plant spacing on agronomic trait and yield of soy- bean in Ke-Bai region of Heilongjiang. The split plot design was used, the main treatment plant spacing factors included 6 lev- els （2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and lOcm）, and the sub-treatment variety factor had 7 varieties belonged to 3 branches stem types, includ- ed infinite multi branches（ Fengshou 6 and Huajiang 7734）, infinite few branches （Fengshou 10 and Fengshou 27）and sub-in- finite（ Fengshou 24, Keshan 1 and Kefu 07-935） in the field cultivation condition in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that the effect of different spacing conditions on agronomic trait and yield of soybean were significant. With the increase of plant spacing, the plant height decreased gradually in the vegetative growth stage and first increased and then decreased in the later stage, the 5 nodes height and the height of the bottom pod were decreased, main stem node number, branch number, stem di- ameter, 1 seed ped,2 seed pod, 3 seed pod, 4 seed pod, shrunken pod, main stem pod and all pant pod number were in- creased, 100-seed weight was disorder, pest grain incidence and disease grain incidence were reduced, the protein content was reduced, the fat content was increased, the yield starting was increased and then decreased gradually, the suitable plant spac- ing of branched material was 7 cm, the suitable plant spacing of main stem type material was 5 cm.