论互联网自由的人权属性及其适用

On Human Rights Character of the Internet Freedom and its Application

新世纪以来,网络空间逐步从"以技术为中心"的无主地体系转变为"以人为中心"的权利体系。本质上,以人为中心的互联网自由体现为以权利为本位。互联网自由包括互联网表达自由、互联网信息获得自由、互联网基础设施和设备的可获得性以及互联网通讯自由。然而,互联网自由是相对的。对互联网自由的限制应至少满足三个条件:一是限制措施为法律所明确规定;二是措施满足合法性目标;三是措施具有必要性。作为负责任的大国,中国互联网规制政策并不违反国际人权协定。人权问题没有最好,只有更好。我国应在法律上明确信息利益主体的救济机制和争议解决方法,有理有据地保障网络空间的国家安全、公共利益和个人权益,并增强国内外互联网基础设施和设备的可获得性,解决地区性的"数字鸿沟"难题,以此打造全人类的网络空间命运共同体。

In the New Millennium, the cyberspace significantly shapes from res nullius system to the human -centered system, as well as the right - oriented regime. Internet freedom is incorporated by free expression, Internet freedom of information, free communication, and the availability of Internet infrastructure. Definitely, Internet freedom is not absolute. However, the restrictions on Internet freedom should meet at least three conditions ： firstly, the restrictions shall be expressly provided by law; secondly, the measures shall meet the legitimate objectives; thirdly, the measures pass the necessity test. As a responsible nation, China＇s Internet policy does not violate international human rights＇ obligations. It shall be noted that the potential for human rights＇ achievement is endless. In future, the law of cyber - security should guarantee the reasonable legal remedies and offer diversified dispute settlements. China shall strengthen domestic and international Internet infrastructure, as well as actively participate to resolve the regional ＂digital divide＂, then to achieve a cyber international community for all the mankind.