论条约演化解释对国家同意原则的冲击

The Impact of the Principle of State Consent by the Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties

条约的演化解释会引起条约语义变化,导致条约权利和义务的变动,对传统的国家同意原则造成冲击。具体表现在,对缔约时的原初意图进行演化解释,以《维也纳条约法公约》第31条解释要素掩盖演化解释中的语义变动,非缔约国要素对嗣后行为逐渐产生影响。演化解释冲击国家同意原则,其内在机理包括心理因素、实践因素和机制因素。演化解释一定程度上可推进条约体系的自动更新,符合国际秩序自动微调的现实需要,逐渐发展为《维也纳条约法公约》解释通则中,时间要素被强化的一项细化解释方法,但也可能冲击甚至突破国家同意原则。中国需要及时把握条约演化解释的发展规律和深远影响并及时作出因应。

Evolutionary interpretation of treaties may, by the change of treaty meanings, cause the variation of treaty rights and obligations and thus gradually impacts the traditional principle of state consent. The impact is embodied as follows ： to evolutionarily interpret the original intention in the time of treaty conclusion, to change the treaty meanings with the shield of Article 31 of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaty （ VCLT）, and to allow the interference of non - contractual parties in subsequent practice. The operation of the impact can be explained from the perspectives of psychological factors （ opinio juris）, state practice and regime factors. To interpret treaties evolutionarily can promote international treaties updated to some extent which meets the needs of international society for automatic and slight adjustment of international order. Thus, the approach of evolutionary interpretation will gradually evolve to be one specific rule under the general rule of treaty interpretation in VCLT in which the factor of time will be reinforced. However, evolutionary interpretation may probably impact or even encroach the basic principle of state consent. China should grasp the rule of evolutionary interpretation of treaties and its profound effect so as to make timely response in its participation of international affairs.