“生态环境损害赔偿”的法律辨析

Legal analysis of the “Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation”

现有法律对生态环境损害修复和赔偿制度尚无明确规定,需要通过试点加以实践探索,更需要从理论上界定各种关系。生态环境损害不同于民法上的"具体损害",是一种需要从"质"与"量"两个方面加以判断的"总体利益损害";生态环境损害构成的"侵害"与"法益"两个规范要素组合具有明显的二元性,不能完全纳入《侵权责任法》范畴;生态环境损害赔偿责任是一种危险或风险防御责任,既不同于传统民法上的损害赔偿,也不同于恢复原状,应在法律上创制专门环境侵害责任。

The reparation and compensation of ecological environmental damage is not clearly defined in existing laws,which need to explore the practice experience through pilots,but also need to define various relationships in theory. Unlike the specific damage in civil law,ecological environmental damage is a＂general interest damage＂which need to be classified from both qualitative and quantitative; the ＂damage＂and ＂legal interest＂in ecological environmental damage have clear dualities,which cannot be fully covered by Tort Liability Law. Liability for Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation is a liability of risk precaution,neither same with damage compensation in traditional civil law,nor same with restitution,and thus need to establish a special environmental liability.