“管理——审判”二元架构下法院内部机构设置与权力运行研究

Research on the Internal Institutions and Power Operation in Court under the Dual Structure of Management-Trial

审判独立是我国司法的一项基本原则,但因体制性原因,司法权深受法院内外部各种权力的干涉而被地方化、行政化。基于此,针对法院"管理——审判"二元架构下"机构——权力"的二维关系,深入分析法院内部"机构——权力"的运行机制,进而提出法院管理体制改革与治权创新的总体构想:改革法院机构,设立党政办公会和审判委员会为院级管理机构,下设审判、执行、审判管理、政务人事管理等四类专业事务机构;改革审判委员会的职能,使其成为专司审判事务管理和审判咨询的机构;改革人事管理模式,实行分类化、专业化管理;还审判权于法官,实行主审法官负责制下的合议庭民主制。

Judicial independence is a fundamental principle of judiciary in China,but judicial power is administrationalized and localized due to the institutional defects. For this reason,according to two dimensional relationships of organization and power in the binary framework of management and trial in the court,the author makes an analysis of court internal operation mechanism of organization and power and put forward general ideas about court reform of the management system and administration innovation：reforms of court institution shall be exercised,Party and Administration Office shall be established as the courts’ management system and under it there are four kinds of professional affairs institution in charge of trial,execution,trial management and political affairs ＆ human resource management; the judicial committee’s functions shall be adjusted so as to make it a institution wholly in charge of the trial affairs management and trial counsel; the human resource management mode shall be transformed into classificational and professional management; the judicial power shall be returned to the judge while executing democracy in the collegiate panel under the presiding judge responsibility system.