女子短距离速滑途中滑髋关节伸肌肌电特征及对实践训练的启示

Study about the Hip extensor EMG features of the Woman's Short Distance Speed Skating Athletes when skating on the way and Theirs Enlightenment to the Practice Training

运用芬兰ME6000-T16肌电测试系统和TM-6710CL高速摄像机同步测试,采集运动员臀大肌、股二头肌和半腱肌原始肌电图,进行RMS时域转化和均化处理。通过分析途中滑单步周期肌肉肌电特征,探索单步周期髋关节伸肌两组肌肉的协同-拮抗关系,探讨其对实践训练的启示。结果发现:臀大肌在左直道单步周期蹬冰阶段中前期出现有效电活动,右直道单步周期蹬冰阶段后期出现有效电活动,弯道单步周期无有效电活动;两组髋关节伸肌在右直道单步周期出现相似振幅曲线,协同关系明显,在左直道单步周期无相似振幅曲线,协同关系不明显;途中滑跑臀大肌肌肉贡献远小于股二头肌和半腱肌,髋关节伸展在蹬冰阶段不是单一动作模式。结论:短距离速度滑冰项目途中滑跑直道蹬冰阶段臀大肌存在明显的肌电活动,但弯道滑跑阶段肌电活动不显著;直道左、右单步蹬冰阶段臀大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌肌电及其协同—拮抗关系的不同,提示运动员左、右腿蹬冰存在技术差异,改善右单步周期蹬冰阶段的动作结构,可能有利于两腿力量平衡,改善比赛后程动作发散的问题。

By using the synchronous testing technology with the Finland＇ s ME6000-T16 EMG test system and TM-6710CL high-speed camera, the original EMG of the athletes＇ gluteus maximus, biceps femoris muscle and the semitendinosus muscle were collected, then they were transformed into RMS time domain and carried out by the homogenization treatment. This paper analyzed the EMG features of the athletes in single-step cycle during the sliding on the way, explored the synergistic and antagonistic relationship between two groups muscles of the hip extensor in single-step cycle, discussed their enlightenment to the practice training. The results showed that the effective electrical activity of the gluteus maximus appeared in the early and medium stage of the pedaling ice when the left leg skating in the straight during the single-step cycle, the effective electrical activity of the gluteus maximus appeared in the later stage of the pedaling ice when the right leg skating in the straight during the single-step cycle, the effective electrical activity of the gluteus maximus did not appeared in the single-step cycle when the athletes skating in the curve-path; The two groups muscles＇ amplitude curve of the hip extensor were similar and their synergy was obvious when the right leg skating in the straight during the single-step cycle, but their amplitude curve was not similar and their synergy was not obvious when the left leg skating in the straight during the single-step cycle; The gluteus maximus muscle contribution is far less than the biceps femoris muscle and the semitendinosus muscle when the athletes skating on the way, the action mode of the hip extension in the pedaling ice stage is not a single one. The research showed that in the short track speed skating, electrical activity of gluteus maximus is obvious in the pedaling ice stage when the athletes skating on the straight way while not obvious in the curve-path. The electrical activity of the athletes＇ gluteus maximus, biceps femoris muscle, the semitendinosus muscle and synergistic and antagonistic relationship are different. Knowing the technological difference at the stage of the pedaling ice and changing the action mode at the stage of the pedaling ice when the right leg is skating during the single-step cycle, athletes could balance the power of the two legs and improve the action divergence problem.