改革开放以来我国农村教师政策的演进与改革路径

Rural Teacher Policy Evolution after the Reform and Opening up and The Path of Reform in China

改革开放以来我国农村教师政策经历了三次主要变革:第一次是以民办教师为中心的政策建构,第二次建构是"民转公"教师和师范生毕业分配制度为中心的政策建构,第三次是以城乡统一统筹,向农村倾斜为政策方向和目标的政策建构。从近几年的实际效果分析,此次建构并未改变农村教师补充困难,队伍流失严重的问题。农村教师政策下一步调整应坚持城市农村分别建构的政策取向,以农村现有的基础和条件为依据,从补充、待遇、职称、编制、培训方面着手建构适宜于农村实际和需求的教师政策体系。

China＇s rural teacher policy after the reform and opening up has experienced three major changes.The first is the construction of local teachers as the center of the policy. The second is the construction of the policy of ＂the local turn to the public＂ and the job distribution system of the college students. The third is to build a unified urban and rural areas,with its policy direction and goals preferential to rural areas. From the analysis on the actual effect in recent years,the construction has not changed the difficulties of the supplement of rural teachers and the problem of teachers turnover. The next step for adjusting the policy of rural teachers should be to adhere to the policy orientation of construction for the city and rural areas seperately. Based on existing conditions and rural areas,the construction of the teacher policy system should start form supplement, welfare, professional title, and training to meet the practical need of the rural areas.