低氧反复冲刺训练对篮球运动员专项速度耐力的影响

The Effect of Repeated-sprint Training on The Speed-endurance of Basketball Players in Hypoxia Environment

目的:探讨低氧反复冲刺训练对篮球运动员速度耐力的影响。方法:16名篮球运动员分为低氧组和常氧组,每组各8人。低氧组和常氧组分别在模拟海拔3000米的低氧环境中和常氧环境中用无氧功率自行车进行反复冲刺训练,每周2次,共计4周。反复冲刺训练前后,两组受试者在常氧环境中进行折返跑测试和Wingate无氧功测试,折返跑测试后分别在即刻、3 min、5 min、7 min、9 min等时间点进行血液采集,测量血乳酸值。记录折返跑成绩、Wingate无氧功测试的相对平均功率,并对数据进行统计分析。结果:与训练前相比,4周反复冲刺训练后,低氧组和常氧组的折返跑成绩均显著提高(P<0.05),但两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);低氧组的血乳酸清除速率高于常氧组的,且在7分钟时间点有极显著差异(P<0.01);低氧组的相对平均功率有显著性提高(P<0.05),常氧组的相对平均功率无显著性变化(P>0.05),两组间的相对平均功率无显著性差异。结论:反复冲刺训练可以提高篮球运动员的速度耐力,低氧反复冲刺训练可以有效提高篮球运动员机体乳酸清除能力,这种有氧能力的提升有助于运动员在比赛中更好地发挥。

Objective To observe the effect of a repeated-sprint training on the speed-endurance of basketball players in a hypoxia environment. Methods Sixteen basketball players were divided into a hypoxiagroup and a normoxia group which had 8 persons each group. The 2 groups separatelyhad a repeated-sprint training with anaerobic power bicycles in a simulatedhypoxic environment at the altitude of 3000 meters and a normoxia environment for 4 weeks（twice a week）. Before and after the training, the two groups of subjects had a shuttle run testing and a Wingateanaerobic powertestingin a normoxia environment. Then their blood were collected and measured the blood lactate level at the point-intime of after the shuttle run, 3 min later, 5 min later, 7 min later, and 9 min later. Recorded the result of the shuttle run, the relative average power of the Wingateanaerobic powertesting, and carried on a statistic analysis of the data. Results Comparing with the performance of the shuttle run before the training, the performance of the 2 groups was improved obviously after the four-week-long training （P〈0.05）. But there was no significant difference between the 2 groups（P〉0.05）. The rate of blood lacticacid clearance in the hypoxia group was higher than that in the normoxia group, and there was a significant difference at 7 rain （P〈0.01）.The relative average power of the hypoxia group had a significant improvement（P〈0.05）, while the normoxia group had no significant change（P〉0.05）. There was no significant difference of the relative average power between the two groups. Conclusion Repeatedsprint training can improve basketball players＇ speed-endurance. Repeated-sprint training in a hypoxic environment can effectively improve basketball players＇ ability of reducing blood lactate in their body, and the improvement of this aerobic ability can help athletes to have a better performance in competitions.