甘蔗磷效率基因型差异及磷高效基因型筛选研究

Genotypic Differences of Phosphorus Efficiency and Screening of Phosphorus Efficient Cultivars in Sugarcane

以120个不同地域或具有不同遗传背景的甘蔗品种(系)为材料,通过田间试验研究甘蔗不同基因型间的磷效率差异并筛选出甘蔗磷高、低效基因型。结果发现:低磷胁迫下,甘蔗幼苗期地上部生物量、苗高、磷累积量、磷素利用效率、叶片(+5)磷含量均受到显著影响;幼苗期地上部生物量与磷累积量、磷素利用效率呈显著相关,与其他性状相关不显著。以幼苗期地上部生物量、磷累积量、磷素利用效率等为参数进行聚类分析,结果表明:供试品种(系)可分为低产磷低效、较低产磷较低效、高产磷低效、低产磷高效和高产磷高效5大类型。综合幼苗期效率相关性状和成熟期蔗茎产量相关性状,筛选出5个磷素高效基因型和5个磷素低效基因型。磷素高效基因型为福农91-21、闽糖01-77,桂糖97-69、云瑞06-8270、云瑞06-8362;磷素低效基因型为Co285、台引14、云瑞05-782、云瑞05-784、云瑞06-2414。该研究结果为甘蔗磷高效选育及机制研究提供了基础。

In this study, 120 different sugarcane varieties from different regions or having different genetic backgrounds were used to study the phosphorus （P） genetic differences and screen high and low P efficiency in fields. The main results are as follows： Low P stress had a significant impact on shoot biomass, plant height, P accumulation, P utilization efficiency and P content in leaves （＋5） at seedling stage. Shoot biomass was significantly correlated with P accumulation, P utilization efficiency, but showed no significant correlation with other traits. Cluster analysis of shoot biomass, P accumulation and P utilization efficiency at seedling stage of sugarcane showed that the tested varieties could be divided into 5 types, namely low-yield and low P efficiency, relatively low-yield and relatively low P efficiency, high-yield and low P efficiency, low-yield and high P efficiency, high- yielding and high P efficiency. Based on the P efficiency associated traits at seedling stage and cane yield at mature stage, five sugarcane genotypes of high P efficiency, that is, FN91-21, MT01-77, GT97-69, YR06-8270 and YR06-8362, and five sugarcane genotypes of low phosphorus efficiency, that is, Co285, TY14, YR05-782, YR05-784 and YR06-2414 were selected. The above results would provide an important basis for breeding P efficient cultivars and deeply studying P efficient mechanism.