中国男子篮球职业联赛俱乐部的时空演变

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of CBA Clubs

从1995年至今,中国男子篮球职业联赛(CBA)已有20余个赛季,而其俱乐部作为特殊的企业也逐渐成为城市公共文化和朝阳产业的重要组成部分。以人文地理学为理论基础,采用文献资料调研、基尼系数计算、数理统计等方法,针对CBA俱乐部的时空演变,探寻其时序变化和空间布局特征。研究表明:CBA俱乐部数量在起伏中不断增加,由最初的12个发展到现有的20个,但数量相比成熟的职业联赛尚有差距;俱乐部球队名称变更和主场城市搬迁频繁,对球队的文化传承和品牌打造已产生不良影响;俱乐部的空间分布在总体上呈现出不均衡状态,每个赛季都存在集聚现象,有71.9%的俱乐部密集于经济发达的东部沿海地区,直辖市、省会或副省级城市是俱乐部主场的首选,这些城市出现频次累计占总数的66.3%,并表现出较强的稳定性。建议CBA主动开拓中、西部地区的职业篮球市场,增加俱乐部数量;快速提升俱乐部的盈利能力,适时禁止俱乐部冠名权的出售,加强球队名称的规范化管理;尽快构建CBA俱乐部与主场城市之间的良性互动发展模式。为中国篮球职业化发展战略的顶层设计和CBA俱乐部未来的空间布局提供理论参考和决策支持。

Chinese Basketball Association（CBA） has been developed since 1995.As special enterprises,CBA clubs have been gradually become an important part of the urban public culture and the sunrise industry.Based on the theory of Human Geography,this paper explored temporal variation and spatial-temporal distribution of CBA clubs by using literature review,Gini coefficient and mathematical statistics.The results showed that the number of CBA clubs increased from 12 to 20,but is still less than that of mature professional league.The clubs＇ name and host city have changed too often,which is bad for cultural heritage and brand building of teams.The spatial distribution of the clubs is unbalanced,71.9% clubs are in eastern coastal cities; municipalities,provincial capitals and vice provincial cities are the clubs＇ home choice,the cumulative frequency of these cities accounts for66.3% of the total,which shows strong stability.Suggestions：CBA should develop professional basketball market in central and western regions,increase clubs; improve profitability of clubs,prohibit the sale of club＇s naming right appropriately,strength the management of team＇s name; build positive interactive development mode between clubs and host cities.This study provided theoretical reference and decision support for the top-level design of professional development strategy of China basketball and the spatial layout of CBA clubs.