2015—2016赛季CBA犯规特征分析与裁判员管理行为的研究

Analysis of Fouls Features and Management Behavior of Referees in 2015—2016 CBA Matches

目的:分析2015—2016赛季CBA的犯规特征,提高裁判员在执裁过程中的预见性和准确性,提高裁判员的执裁水平和管理能力。方法:采用文献资料法、访谈法、观察法等。结果:CBA各队场均犯规次数为23.7,其中最高为浙江队,场均28.7次,最低为福建队,场均21.2次;时间特征是第2节平均12.4次,第4节平均15.2次,明显高于第1节的9.6次和3节的10.2次,第1节的最后2 min,第2、3、4节的最后4 min是犯规的高发时间段;犯规区域主要集中在篮下区域,且越靠近篮下犯规的比例也越高;各种犯规性质中,手部动作犯规频率最高,其中推人、拉人、打手3种性质的犯规所占比例高达70%以上;犯规对象主要是投篮动作和突破动作,防投篮犯规38.6%、防突破犯规22.6%。结论:对篮球比赛的管理,主要体现在对比赛犯规的管理。预见性对临场裁判做出正确判罚至关重要,只有掌握篮球比赛的犯规特点才会做到心中有数,提前预判,一旦出现犯规迹象,裁判可以在第一时间做出判罚。掌握运动员犯规的时间特征、区域特征、性质特征和动作特征可以有效提高临场裁判预见性,提高裁判判罚的准确性。

Objective： This study analyzed the fouls features in 2015-2016 CBA matches, aimed at improving the referee＇s predictability and accuracy in the process of judgement, and improving referee＇s judgement level and management ability. Methods： The methods of literature review, interview and observation were used. Results： Number of fouls per match of CBA teams is 23.7, the most one is Zhejiang team （28.7） and the least one is Fujian team （21.2）. The number of fouls in the second quarter of game is 12.4, and it in the fourth quarter is 15. 2, higher than that in the first quarter （9.6） and the third quarter （10.2）. The last two minutes of the first quarter of game, and the last four minutes of the second, the third and the fourth quarters of game are the high time of fouls. Fouls area is mainly concentrated in the basket area, and the more close to the basket, the higher the proportion of fouls. Hand action foul is the most one, push, hold and strike fouls are up to 70%. The main fouls are shooting action （38.6%） and breakthrough action （22.6%）. Conclusions： The management of the basketball match is mainly reflected in fouls management. Predictability of correct decisions is crucial to the referees ; only to master the characteristics of the basketball game fouls will do well ; if there are signs of foul, the referee can make a penalty in the first time. It is effective to improve the predictability of the referee and improve the accuracy of the referee＇s judgement by grasping the features of time, region, type and action.