关系至上:中国经济史学的“交易者理性”刍议

“Guanxi First”:The Hypothesis of “Traders' Rationality” in Chinese Economic History

不同时空中,现实的经济人理性取向具有差异性,由此形成不同的交易形态。论文从中国经济史学的视角,以假设论证的方法,对中国交易者理性及其交易形态产生、演化的历史内蕴进行探讨。论文对有关"关系至上"交易者理性及其"关系化交易"等概念进行了界定。在此基础上对前近代中国社会的"人情偏好"交易习性的多重历史渊源进行梳理和解析,论证"关系至上"理性的近代发育和现代泛化的变迁历程,阐释了近代以来"关系至上"理性从"个体经验"到"世俗知识"变化的约束性因素,认为大规模市场的兴起和大规模权力的介入使"关系至上"的交易者理性日益世俗化。论文分析了中西理性之路差异深层因素,指出近代发育成形的"关系至上"的交易者理性,某种意义上说是——中世纪"神权意识"与近代"竞争意识"相结合的产物。在市场经济普遍兴起条件下,文化转型滞后于经济转型,社会理性出现了严重的透支状况。

＂Traders＂ Rationality＂ differs and becomes various forms of transaction in practice. The paper discusses and argues the hypothesis of Chinese traders＂ rationality and its historical formation and evolution from the perspective of Chinese economic history. The paper defines the hypothesis of ＂Guanxi First＂ and the concept of ＂Transaction in Guanxi＂, analyzes the ＂human preference＂ in Chinese traditional transaction custom and its development and modernization. The paper argues that the rise of modern market and power intervention makes the traders＂ rationality of ＂Guanxi First＂ secularized from individual consciousness to social knowledge. Therefore, the combination of the pre-modern theocracy consciousness and modern competitive consciousness results in the modern rationality of Guanxi, which leads to the overdraft of social rationality, in the background of the rise and population of market economy and the lagging behind of cultural transformation.