中国污水处理公私合作改革的国际经验、模式选择与监管政策

International Experience,Model Selection and Regulatory Policy of Public Private Partnerships(PPP) in China's Sewage Treatment Industry

污水处理公私合作改革的国际经验以英国的私有化模式、美国的市场融资模式和法国的特许权模式最为典型。污水处理行业的产权、融资、运营、竞争、价格等模式的选择不同于早期的公私合作探索,深深地影响着中国污水处理公私合作改革的进展和成效,必须系统设计、整体推进。具体而言,产权模式由放开产权向转让经营权转变;融资模式由间接融资向直接融资转变;运营模式由厂网分离向厂网一体转变;竞争模式由分散竞争向垄断竞争转变;价格模式由使用者付费向政府购买服务转变。为保障公众利益,在污水处理公私合作改革过程中,必须建立健全公私合作监管机构、加强过程监管,同时规范公私合作协议,强化合同管理。

According to the world revolution of public private partnerships(PPP) in sewage treatment industry, the privatization model in UK, the market financing model in United States and the franchise model in France are the most typical. The sewage treatment industry property, financing, operation, competition, price and other specific mode selection will greatly affect the PPP reform progress and effectiveness in China. The sewage treatment industry property, financing, operation, competition, price and other specific mode selection will greatly affect the PPP reform progress and effectiveness in China.Specifically, the property model will be changed from release property to the management right transfer, financing mode from indirect financing to direct financing, operation mode from the factory network to factory network integration,competition mode from decentralized competition to monopoly competition, price model from user charges to purchase of services. In order to protect the public interest, in the process of the reform of public and private cooperation in sewage treatment, it is necessary to establish and improve the public and private cooperation regulatory agencies, strengthen the process of supervision, and standardize the public-private partnership agreement, strengthen contract management.