收入不平等、“公共支出结构偏向”与长期经济增长

Income Inequality,Bias of Public Expenditure Structure and Long-term Economic Growth

收入不平等已成世界性趋势和难题,严重的收入不平等引发的政策转向正在撕裂经济全球化进程,中国收入不平等也不断加剧。长期的、持续的经济增长是经济发展的核心要义,为探究收入不平等对长期经济增长的影响,本文提出收入不平等负向影响长期经济增长的"公共支出结构偏向"机制:一个国家(地区)收入分布不平等,可能导致社会阶层、部门分裂,不同阶层、部门为了公共支出合意结构而竞争,迫使政府削减必要的但不被关注的支出,而这可能降低社会治理能力,进而危害长期经济增长。本文基于跨国数据的实证分析,研究发现:收入不平等初始程度显著降低长期经济增长速度;收入不平等初始程度显著影响"公共支出结构偏向",进而显著负向影响长期经济增长;政治权力分散化显著降低"公共支出结构偏向"。

Income inequality has become a global problem and trend, a correct understanding of the impact of income inequality is critical. In this paper, we propose a mechanism of 'public expenditure structure bias', which negatively affects long-term economic growth. The logic is: income inequality results in sectors and classes division, they begin to compete of public expenditure structure and the government cut the necessary but not to be concerned.The public expenditure structure bias will reduce the governance capacityand harm long-term economic growth. International data confirm that income inequality reduce long-term economic growth, increased the public expenditure structure bias, harm the long-term economic growth and political power decentralized will reduce bias of public expenditure structure.