体育馆运动人体热舒适性的改进模型与实验调查

Improved Model and Experimental Study on Human Thermal Comfort of Sports in Gymnasium

体育馆空调环境不仅会影响人体的运动效果、运动成绩,对于体育馆空调节能也有重要意义。相比于运动人员的热舒适性,传统的空调设计往往更多地关注观众的热舒适性。运动人体具有新陈代谢率大,衣着少,排汗量大以及呼吸急促的特点,传统的基于Fanger模型的人体热舒适性评价指标难以准确预测运动人体的热舒适性。本文针对运动人体提出了衣着覆盖率的概念,对Fanger模型中的辐射、体表扩散的模型进行适当的修正,并探讨了修正模型与Fanger模型计算结果差异。同时,采用环境测试仪和问卷调查对某高校体育馆内篮球训练类、健美操训练类和羽毛球健身类运动人体进行了大量实验调查,并将实验结果与两种模型计算结果进行对比和偏差分析,研究结果表明,修改模型PMV计算结果低于Fanger模型且更接近实测结果,这表明对于运动人体,适宜的场馆环境温度可以比采用Fanger模型得到的传统的空调温度更高,对于空调节能具有重要意义。

Air conditioned environment of gymnasium is not only an important factor that influences the result of a match, but also occupies a crucial role in energy saving of gymnasium. Sports have the specific characteristics as follows： the larger metabolic rate, the smaller clothing thermal resistance, the larger perspiration, and the shortness of breath. The human thermal comfort of different team sports is distinct due to the different metabolic rate. Therefore, the evaluation method based on the traditional Fanger thermal comfort model is difficult to accurately predict the thermal comfort in sports. In this paper, the coverage rate of clothes is proposed and some appropriate amendments in radiation and surface diffusion model based on Fanger model are improved. The simulated results of PMV between two models are discussed. In addition, a series of experiments on different team sports are conducted with the environmental test equipment and questionnaire survey. Meanwhile, the accuracy analysis to Fanger＇ s model and the improved model is presented. Results show that the new model is more reasonable and has the good agreements with experiments. It means that the comfortable temperature can be higher for sports than conventional design which is significant for energy conservation of air conditioning systems.