历史唯物主义的“实践”维度与“理论”维度

The Practical and Theoretical Dimensions of Historical Materialism

历史唯物主义与政治哲学、道德哲学等实践哲学的形态是否相兼容的问题,是当前马克思主义哲学研究中需要阐明的一个重大问题。深入剖析不难发现,作为一个关于历史发展规律的理论,历史唯物主义既包含一个与理论哲学相对应的理论维度,也包含一个与实践哲学相对应的实践维度。历史唯物主义并没有因为包含这个实践维度,而成为一种缺乏理论反思的经验主义哲学,相反,正是由于它与实践哲学相兼容的理论本色,才在理论上与经验主义划清了界限;同时,历史唯物主义也没有因为包含这个理论维度,而阻断与实践哲学相打通的道路,相反,正是由于它在理论层面对必然性的东西进行了深刻的探索并取得了科学的认知成果,才将实践层面的思考根本性地推向了纵深。

Whether historical materialism is compatible with practical philosophy as represented by political philosophy and moral philosophy is a major issue in the study of Marxist philosophy. It is easy to see that as a theory about historical laws,historical materialism contains both theoretical and practical dimensions,with corresponding philosophical contents. Historical materialism does not become an empirical philosophy lacking in theoretical reflection because it has a practical dimension; rather,the character of being compatible with practical philosophy theoretically distinguishes it from empiricism. At the same time,historical materialism does not preclude practical philosophy because it has a theoretical dimension; rather,it pushes the study of practice to a deep level precisely because of its deep exploration of necessity and of theoretical scientific achievements.