解读民粹主义

On Populism

民粹主义是一种信仰人民的意识形态,主张人民主权,号召以人民的名义改造精英统治。就民粹主义的主体逻辑来看,民粹主义强调人民内在的整体性和一致性,从而在民族主义、全球化、多元文化等主题上站在右翼的保守立场,在实践当中强调淡化族群身份,反对多元文化,甚至反对全球化。就其外在的人民观来看,民粹主义强调敌视与排斥,在实践中主张反对精英主义。在程序安排上,民粹主义主张人民多数的直接行动,强调改革现政权,形成了反建制、反代议制等实践诉求。

Populism is an ideology centered on the belief in the people.It advocates popular sovereignty and calls for transforming elitist ruling in the name of people.Populism emphasizes the inner integrity and coherence of the people,and it thus stands on the right-wing conservative position in terms of nationalism,globalization and multiculturalism.In practice,it downplays ethnic identity and opposes multiculturalism or even globalization.Moreover,populism emphasizes hostility and exclusion and maintains anti-elitism in practice.As for procedural arrangements,populism pushes for direct action by the majority of people,and emphasizes reforming existing institutions,which leads to such stances as anti-establishment and antirepresentative system.