美国对华政策的制定和调整因素初探——基于20世纪上半叶美国对华政策的若干案例分析

A Study of Policy Making and Policy Adjustment of the U.S.China Policy—Insights from the First Half of the 20^(th) Century

美国对华政策是在利益和原则之间进行权衡的产物。基于20世纪上半叶美国对华政策的若干案例分析,在制定和调整对华政策时,美国通常以现有中国国内秩序的状态作为权衡利益和原则的指标:当现有中国国内秩序相对稳定时,美国的对华政策更倚重原则,支持民国时期在野群体行使民主权利;当现有中国国内秩序受到严重威胁时,美国的对华政策更倚重利益,支持中国执政当局维护国内秩序;当现有中国国内秩序完全失控时,美国通常会选择"等待尘埃落定"的政策。

The U.S.policy vis-à-vis China is often a compromise between interests and principle.Case studies of the first half of 20th century reveal that the U.S.usually attached great importance to Chinas domestic order when it made and adjusted its China policy.When Chinas domestic order was relatively stable during the Republican era,the U.S.emphasized principle and supported the oppositions democratic rights.When the domestic order in China was being gravely jeopardized,the U.S.stressed interests and supported the ruling regime to maintain domestic order.Finally,when Chinas domestic order was completely out of control,the U.S.usually chose the'let the dust settle'policy.