疑尊、疑卣铭文及相关历史问题

Inscriptions on Yi Zun and Yi You and Related Issues

疑尊、疑卣两器为周成王晚期器,二器同铭,其铭文有重要的史料价值。"卜噩侯"涉及到西周王朝于成王晚期时建噩侯之事。此事亦能反映出周初建"侯"制度的某些规制。周人建"侯"并选其驻地,也要通过占卜而确定下来,"侯"的任命权与防区的划定直接归属王朝中央。早期的噩侯在今湖北随州安居镇羊子山附近,说明周人很早便扩张到汉东地区并建"侯"加以守卫。"宋伯"一称,在殷墟甲骨卜辞中便已出现,然此器铭所指应与殷商时期的不同,其人应是首位宋邦邦君宋公稽,出身于属殷遗的微氏家族。宋邦所在的位置亦属西周王朝的边域地带,其地直接面对淮水下游偏北的淮夷,是为周人把守东南门户的诸据点之一。然以目前所知材料,宋邦邦君未有西周王朝之"侯"职。这表明不是所有边域的邦君皆是"侯",具有邦君地位的贵族未必均获授予王朝的"侯"职。

The same inscriptions on Yi Zun and Yi You of the early Western Zhou Dynasty are of great significance as historical materials. ＂Divination about Marquis E＂ is related to the installing of Marquis E during King Cheng＇s late reign, which also could reflect the system of the marquis installing. The appointment of marquis and the delimitation of his garrison area were determined by the central authorities after referring to the divination. In the early days, Marquis E settled nearby Yangzi Mountain in Anju Town, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, which proved that the Zhou Dynasty had expanded to east Han River Basin and set ＂marquis＂ there to defend. Different with the word ＂Song Bo＂ once appeared in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin-Shang Dynasty, the address in this inscription refers to the first ruler Duke Ji of Song State, who was born of the Wei＇s family that is the descendants of Yin-Shang imperial clan. The Song State is located in the border of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was one of the strongholds to guard the southeast gateway against tribes in the area north of lower reaches of Huai He River. According to the present documents, the ruler of the Song State didn＇t occupy the post of marquis of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It indicated that not all the rulers of the vassal states in the border could be conferred the title of marquis by the Zhou Dynasty.