“政协宪草”及其版本研究

A Study on the Political Consultative Conference Draft Constitution and Its versions

关于"政协宪草",台湾学者承认它的存在,认为其是1946年宪法的蓝本,而大陆学者对此并不认同,甚至认为所谓"政协宪草"是不存在的。考诸史实可知,"政协宪草"是1946年2月至4月期间,由国民党、中共、民主同盟、青年党和无党派方面的代表组成宪草审议委员会,修订《五五宪草》过程中,形成的一份讨论记录稿。由于"政协宪草"只是一份记录稿,因此当初中共和民盟不承认它具有宪法草案的性质。但是,1946年底国民党召开制宪国民大会时,又以"政协宪草"为底案制定了《中华民国宪法》。1946年以来,当年宪审会的参加者先后公布过几个不同版本的"政协宪草",但学界的研究只注意到其中一个,实际上还有三个。这些版本内容具有一致性,和1946年宪法的精神也基本一致,但价值不同。应特别重视其中的"《再生》版"和"陈启天版",因为它们才是迄今为止"政协宪草"最恰当的版本。

Taiwan scholars admit the existence of the Political Consultative Conference Draft Constitution （PCCDC） and consider it as the original version of the constitution in 1946, while some mainland scholars disagree with that and even deny its existence. According to the historical investigation, the PCCDC was the discussion transcript of the draft constitution review committee, consisting of the representatives of the Kuomintang, Communist Party, Democratic League, Youth Party and Nonpartisan in revising the May Fifth Constitution Draft from February to April in 1946. Therefore, at that time the Communist Party and Democratic League merely regarded it as a transcript rather than the draft constitution. However, during the National Assembly of Formulating Constitution, the Kuomintang drew up the Republic of China Constitution based on PCCDC at the end of 1946. Since then, the members of the draft constitution review committee have published several versions of PCCDC. However, in addition to the one of them known to the academic circle, there are still three other versions in fact. All these versions are basically consistent with the essence of the 1946 constitutionin content but different in value. Besides, both the National Renaissance version and Chen Qitian version should be paid special attention to for they are the most appropriate versions of PCCDC so far.