现代学徒制实施的制约因素及制度对策

The Restricting Factors and Countermeasures in the Implementation of Modern Apprenticeship

现代学徒制是政府引导、行业协会参与,依托校企深度合作,兼顾理论学习系统性和岗位实践育人的一种人才培养模式。探讨现代学徒制的深层次内涵与必要性,分析现代学徒制实施存在的制约因素,包括国家顶层设计和法律法规制度不到位、国家职业资格认证与教学标准不匹配、过度自由人才市场制约培养主体积极性、职业教育体系缺陷导致升学路径狭窄等。对此,提出相应制度对策,涉及制定主体职责清单,厘清政府、行业协会、企业、高校的主体职责;完善具体工作机制,明晰多方主体协作、校企合作育人和赋予行业协会更多职权的运行机制;建立详细标准体系,健全职业能力认证、关键能力培训、师傅资质认证、培训过程监管等标准体系。

Modern apprenticeship is an education mode with government-guided and association＇ s participation, which depends on cooperation between college and enterprise and combines theoretical study and post practice. It is analyzed on connotation, necessity and restricting factors of modern apprenticeship, including following factors： The top-level design and national laws and regulations are not in place, vocational qualifications and teaching standards do not match, excessive freedom talent market is restricting the enterprise＇ s enthusiasm, vocational education system defects are leading to narrow entrance path. To this, it is put forward the corresponding countermeasures, including the following points： setting duty lists to clarify the responsibility among government, associations, enterprises and colleges; improving the mechanism of specific work to clear multi-aspect collaboration, college-enterprise cooperation and give more authority to associations; establishing a standard system to improve professional certification, capacity training, master qualification and process supervision, etc.