神农架世界自然遗产地动物模式标本名录

A catalogue of animal type specimens from the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site,China

模式标本作为新种发表与物种名称的依附实体,具有极高的学术价值。湖北神农架作为华中地区的最高点,历来受到博物学家的青睐。本文通过对历史文献的收集与整理,确定了以采自神农架的标本为模式确立的动物物种,编制了"神农架世界自然遗产地动物模式标本名录"。以神农架世界自然遗产地采集的模式标本命名的正式发表动物物种275种,隶属于3门5纲22目91科170属。神农架模式标本物种的采集最早可追溯到1960年,此后出现两个采集高峰期,即1977–1986和2009年。模式物种的发表略有滞后,从当年发表到最长滞后34年,但主要还都集中在采集后的10年内(222种,占80.73%)。采集于神农架的模式标本物种发表在163条文献上,从2006年开始发表在外文期刊上的物种数在逐步增加,而以中文发表的物种数在减少。以国内学者独立发表的物种较多(245种,占89.09%),而国外学者和国内外学者联合发表的物种相对较少。模式标本当前实际被存放在62家机构或被私人收藏,在45家机构中,以国内单位为主,而17家私人收藏机构则以国外为主。本文对神农架世界自然遗产地动物模式标本名录的汇总整理,可为神农架世界自然遗产地履行联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心的要求,进一步开展神农架遗产的管理与保护提供依据。近年来关于神农架新物种的不断发表表明遗产地的物种多样性仍然存在被低估的可能,暗示着遗产地这方面的工作仍需进一步扩大和深入。

Type specimens provide the taxonomic basis for publishing and naming new species, and thus have scientific importance. Mt. Shennongjia is the highest mountain in Central China, and its unique fauna and flora have attracted global attention and interest from naturalists for centuries. Based on historical litera- ture, we provide an updated catalogue of animal type specimens from the Shennongjia World Natural Heri- tage Site, where a total of 275 species of type specimens belonging to 3 phyla, 5 classes, 22 orders, 91 fami- lies, and 170 genera have been collected. The first catalogue of type specimens in Shennongiia occurred in 1960, with two subsequent peaks in collection occurring in 1977-1986 and in 2009. The time delay between collection and publication varied from 0 to 34 years, however, most type descriptions were published within 10 years of collection （222, 80.73%）. Species were published in 163 scientific papers, mostly authored by domestic scholars （245, 89.09%）. These type specimens are currently deposited across 62 institutions and in private collections. Our comprehensive and integrative curation of these animal type specimens meets the requirements of the World Heritage Centre, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organiza- tion, to further improve site management and conservation. Recent publications described several new spe- cies, suggesting that the number of species in the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site may have been underestimated and further surveys should be undertaken in the future.