瑞士现代学徒制中“囚徒困境”的解决方案及启示

The Swiss Solution of “Prisoner's Dilemma” in Modern Apprenticeship System and Its Enlightenment

从博弈论角度来看,瑞士现代学徒制中企业参与不足的"囚徒困境"主要原因在于缺乏合作共赢的理念、缺乏规范合理的现代学徒制度和缺乏有效的利益平衡机制。瑞士采用多种措施突破了现代学徒制中企业参与的"囚徒困境":一是建立了稳定的现代学徒制治理体系;二是积极发挥行业协会的平台作用;三是建立现代学徒制成本共担机制;四是健全现代学徒制法律制度。借鉴瑞士解决方案,我国当前现代学徒制试点中应加强现代学徒制宣传力度,发挥行业协会的纽带作用,政府合理统筹引导,利用政策、法律、经济手段引导企业参与现代学徒制。

In terms of game theory, the main reason of ＂prisoner＇s dilemma＂ in Swiss modern apprenticeship lies in the lack of the concept of cooperation and win-win, a reasonable standard of modem apprenticeship system and an effective mechanism to balance the interests of enterprises. Switzerland adopted various measures to break through ＂prisoner＇s dilemma＂ of the modern apprenticeship system： first, it establishes a stable modern apprenticeship system of governance; second, it actively plays the role of the professional associations; third, itsets up a cost sharing mechanism of modern apprenticeship; fourth, it continuously improves the legal system of modern apprenticeship. Based on the Swiss experience, Chinashould strengthen the publicity of modern apprenticeship, improve the role of professional associations, guide and coordinate, and adopt various legal and economic means to encourage enterprises to participate in the modem apprenticeship.