明代福建城池的创筑及成因考述

An Investigation into the Establishment and Causes of Fortresses in Fujian in Ming Dynasty

明代福建共创筑29座州县城池、18座独立卫所城池、43座巡检司城、19座镇城(民城、土城)。不同时期城池的创筑均有其显著特点,明初侧重于卫所城、巡检司城,中期侧重于内陆州、县城池,后期则侧重于沿海州、县城池及镇城的创筑。此外,独立卫所城池、巡检司城、镇城绝大多数建于沿海各府辖区,内陆很少出现这些类型的城池。其创筑的主要动因有明代东南地区的倭寇侵袭、福建及周边省份农民斗争的日益激烈、明中后期卫所制的破坏、沿海地区经济的迅速发展等。

There are many fortresses established in Fujian in MingDynasty, including 29 of administration centers, 18 of garrison battalions, 43 of inspection departments and 19 of towns.It has distinct establishment characteristics in different peri- ods.The government focused on the fortresses of garrison battalions and inspection departments in early Ming Dynasty, after then the administration centers in the interior of Fujian and in late Ming Dynastythe fortress on the coast. In addition, the fortresses of garrison battalions, inspection departments and towns were almost built along the coast. The main causes for its establishment are maritime threat by Japanese pirates in southeast area in Ming Dynasty, the increasingly fierce peasant＇ up- rising in Fujian and its surrounding provinces, the destruction of garrison battalions in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and the rapid development of the coastal economy.