病室的隐喻与现实的批判——巴金《第四病室》与契诃夫《第六病室》比较探究

Critical Metaphor and Reality of the Ward——A Comparative Study on Ba Jin's "Fourth Ward" and Chekhov's "Sixth Ward"

在关于"病室"的描写上,小说《第四病室》和《第六病室》是颇具代表性的文学作品。其中,巴金和契诃夫都通过"病室"一词却隐喻出风格各异的主题倾向,以及据此引申出社会政治文化的批判,令人深思。两部作品主要运用现实主义和现代主义两种不同文学背景下的不同表现手法,通过三个具体环节即病室之境、病室之病和病室之药将虽然背景不同但一样黑暗的政治文化环境、小人物肉体和精神所经受的病态折磨以及作者所赋予社会的人道主义药方一一表现出来。由此,由病室引出的对病态社会的批判和对小人物的同情与救赎也展现的淋漓尽致。

For the ＂ward＂ description of Ba Jin＇s ＂Fourth Ward＂ and Chekhov＇s ＂Sixth Ward＂ are the representative literary works of the two writers. All represent different subject ward tendency and extend thought-provoking social critique of political culture through metaphor. The two literary works both use realism and modernism in two different ways in three specific aspects： ward environment, ward of disease and medicine, which will break though sick ward as dark background but different political and cultural environment, little body and spirit through the mill and the author endowed by the humane society to express the doctrine of prescription. Thus, the criticism of the morbid society leading to ward and the little sympathy and redemption also show the most incisive.