传统军礼的萌芽、演进与初步成型

Germination,Development and Maturation of the Traditional Military Salute

中国古代军礼的渊源可追溯至远古洪荒时期,至少在黄帝时已有"命将""振旅"等仪,后历经尧舜直到夏末,此为传统军礼漫长的萌芽时期。殷商时,军礼的五个项目均得到了一定的发展,尤其是"大师之礼"的"告庙""谋伐""册命""迁木主""逆旅""献俘"等均见于甲骨。周承殷制,"大师礼"的部分项目("谋伐""册命"等)及"大蒐礼"与殷代类似,它如"告庙"有"类祭"、"振旅"有"丧迎"皆其所异。要之,周代军礼的各种仪式渐趋成熟,每个项目基本都配有一套完整的仪注,传统军礼至此已大体成型。

The origin of Chinese traditional military salutes should trace back to the immemorial times. In the time of Yellow Emperor to Yao and Shun, the etiquettes like ＂Mingjiang＂ and ＂Zhenlv＂ already existed, which was the sprout period of the long-term traditional military salute.During the Shang Dynasty, the five projects of military salutes got a certain development, particularly in ＂Dashi Ceremony＂, in which ＂Gaomiao＂＂Moufa＂＂Ceming＂＂Qianmuzhu＂＂Nilv Xianfu＂ and other contents were recorded on turtle shell.Then in the Zhou Dynasty, parts of ＂Dashi Ceremony＂ were similar with those in Shang Dynasty, while the difference showed in the addition of ＂Gaomiao＂ to ＂Leiji＂ and ＂Sangying＂ to＂ Zhenlv＂. To sum up, the ceremony of military salutes of Zhou dynasty was gradually mature, and each project was equipped with a complete set of notes, which means a general system of the traditional military salutes had been taken shape.