吉登斯论现代国家——兼评马克思的国家理论

Giddens' Theory of the Modern State——with Comments on Marx's Theory of the State

安东尼·吉登斯将前资本主义阶级社会称为阶级分化社会,资本主义社会是与它不同的阶级社会。现代国家以资本主义社会为基础,它的特点是在与领土权的结合中行使主权和行政垄断权,实现了将暴力手段驱逐出劳动契约领域,建立在政治与经济的制度性分离的基础上,本质上是多元政治,极权主义潜伏于其中。马克思的国家理论缺乏区别资本主义国家和前资本主义国家,未能预见民族主义的兴起而忽视了现代国家的自主性。吉登斯用反对"化约主义"来否定马克思的国家阶级本质论,必然削弱马克思国家理论对现实政治的批判性。

According to Anthony Giddens, the pre-capitalist class society was called the Class-divided society, however, capitalist society was different social classes with it.The Modern State was based on capitalist society,of which the characteristics were as follows： the exercise of sovereignty and the right of ad- ministrative monopoly was in conjunction with the territoriality; the expulsion of violence in the field of labor contracts was achieved;it was based on the institutional isolation of polities and economy, whose nature was political pluralism, in which totalitarianism was one of the hidden factors. Marx＇s theory of the state lacked the distinction between capitalist countries and pre-capitalist countries, failed to foresee the rise of nationalism and ignored the modern state autonomy.Giddens used ＂reductionism＇to deny Marx＇s theory about class nature of the State, which was bound to weaken the realpolitik criticism of Marxist theory of the state.