现代汉语副词“对”的存在及来源

Study on the Existence and the Origin of “Dui” as an Adverb in Modern Chinese

现代汉语"对"有作为副词的语法表现,"对"作为副词存在应该得到认可。同时,在以"对+V"结构形成的动词中,"对"是副语素。这种情况不只出现在现代汉语中,唐代以后的古汉语"对"修饰动词的现象就大量出现,且有少量成为了参与构词的副语素,它们都表示动作行为的方式。在汉语双音节化的过程中,"对"的使用频率、"对+X"形成句法结构、"对"作为动词的基本语义特征对其形成及参与构词有重要作用。文章以大量语料为基础,证明副词"对"的存在,并分析"对"的词汇化现象。

The modern Chinese ＂dui＂ can act as adverb in grammar, which should be recognized as an adverb. At the same time, the verb in the structure of ＂dui＋V.＂, ＂dui＂is an auxiliary morpheme. This situation not only appears in modern Chinese with ＂dui＂ modifying the verb＂ phenomenon, but also does in ancient Chinese after Tang Dynasty. A small amount of morphemes are auxiliary morphemes in the word formation which can used to express the way of action. In the process of Chinese bisyllablization, the frequency of use, the formation of the syntactic structure of ＂dui＋X＂ and the basic semantic features of ＂dui＂ as a verb all play an important role in the formation of ＂dui＂ as an adverb and the part of word formation. Based on a large language materials, this paper proves the existence of ＂dui＂ as an adverb and analyzes its lexicalization.