日本地方治理中的公民社会组织参与模式——以自治会为例

Civic Organizations Participation in Local Governance in Japan:Case Study of Autonomy Associations

公民社会组织的参与是治理体系的重要构成部分。其中地方治理强调地方分权和地方居民自治背景下的治理体系,地方居民为主体的公民组织是其重要参与者。日本的自治会作为地方社区的基层公民组织,无论从数量上还是分布规模来看都是日本最大的公民组织,是日本地方治理中的重要参与者。同时自治会又具有辅助行政功能的色彩,与市区町村的地方政府保持良好的合作、协调关系是其特色。因此自治会在参与地方治理中表现出了"行政媒介型公民参与模式"的特征。自治会一方面发动地方居民的力量参与地方治理,实现地方居民的主体性参与;另一方面通过参与协助地方政府的行政,和地方政府保持良好的合作关系进而达到影响地方政府的目的。

The participation of civic organizations is an important part of governance system. Among it, in the context of decentralization and local residents＂ autonomy in local governance system, civic organization formed by local residents is an important participant in it. Autonomy associations in Japan both in terms of quantity and the scale of distribution are Japan＇s largest civic organization, which as a local community civic organizations, plays an active part in local governance. Meanwhile, Autonomy associations with auxiliary administrative function, has the characteristics of maintaining good cooperation and coordination with municipalities and local government. Therefore, it shows the characteristics of ＂administrative medium type citizen participation mode＂ in local governance. On the one hand, it mobilizes local residents to participate in local governance, provides public services for the local residents. On the other hand, it advocates its interests through good relations and cooperation with local administration in order to influence the local government.