试论美国与布雷顿森林体系的解体

American Foreign Policy and the Breakdown of Bretton Woods System

面对接连不断的美元危机,美国通过一系列政策措施,最终促成了布雷顿森林体系的解体和牙买加体系的建立,实现了在新的国际货币体系中确立美元本位制的战略目标,进而维持并巩固了美元的霸权地位。因此,布雷顿森林体系解体并不是美国金融霸权削弱的标志,恰恰相反,布雷顿森林体系的解体是美国政策设计和外交推动的产物,是美国调整美元霸权形式的战略选择,以美元本位制为基础的美元霸权遂成为美国维护全球霸权地位的关键性支柱和战略性工具。

Facing continuing dollar crises,the United States adopted a series of policies and measures to step up the breakdown of Bretton Woods System and the establishment of Jamaica System,and eventually achieved the strategic goal of establishing the dollar standard system in the new international monetary system,which maintained and consolidated the hegemony status of the US dollar.Therefore,the breakdown of Bretton Woods System didn’t signify the weakening of American financial hegemony.On the contrary,the breakdown was the result of America’s policy design and strategic decision to reshape dollar hegemony.Dollar hegemony,based on the dollar standard,became the critical pillar and strategic tool to defend America’s global hegemony.