长沙市自然林景观基底特征与结构研究

Structure analysis and basal characteristics of natural forest landscape in Changsha city

为了构建长沙美丽的自然景观,以岳麓山和湖南省森林植物园为研究对象,研究长沙市自然林景观的基底特征与水平垂直结构。研究结果表明:长沙自然林景观中植物种类丰富,调查区域内植物种类达60多种,且乔木与灌木植物种类远多于草本植物种类;乔木层出现频度较大物种为马尾松、香樟、樟树、山矾、枫香和栾树,灌木层出现频度较大物种为构骨和毛萼乌口树,草本层出现频度较大物种为蕨、青苔和竹叶草;乔木层频度大的物种密度较大,草本层频度大的物种其盖度较大;长沙自然林景观存现比较明显的垂直结构,植物园乔木∶灌木∶草本物种比例为19∶18∶8,岳麓山乔木∶灌木∶草本物种比例为13∶12∶5,不同高度的乔木层树木构成林分垂直层。研究结果为城市森林的人工群落树种选择与配置、城市森林空间配置与优化提供理论依据,也为美丽长沙的森林景观设计提供技术支持。

In order to study the basal characteristics of natural forest landscape in Changsha city, the horizontal structure of natural forest landscape was studied by means of studying the species of plant distribution, the distribution of plants, the coverage and frequency. The vertical structure of natural forest landscape was studied by means of tree, shrub, herb layer three and tree height. This paper takes Yuelu mountain and Hunan forest botanical garden as the research object. Research results show that Changsha natural forest landscape of plant species richness, the survey of plants in the region of more than 50 kinds of plants, Tree and shrub species are much more than that of herbaceous plants. The tree layer frequency for larger species masson pine, camphor, Symplocos, sweetgum and Koelreuteria Paniculata, The shrub layer species frequency of large bone structure and hair calyx tarenna, The occurrence frequency of large species of herbaceous layer, moss and fern leaves of grass, The species density of tree layer is larger, In the shrub layer, the species of the frequency of the species is not necessarily large, the frequency of the herb layer is large. Natural forest landscape in Changsha is now more obvious vertical structure, tree, shrub and herb layers. Arbor： shrub： herbaceous species ratio is 19：18：8 in forest botanical garden, and 13：12：5 in Yuelu mountain. Communities provide a theoretical basis for the artificial tree species selection and allocation of urban forests, forest spatial configuration and olatimization, but also larovide technical support for beautiful Changsha forest landscape design.