街头官僚的时间政治——以基层执法人员的工作时间为例

The Time Politics of the Street-Level-Bureaucrats——A Case of Working Times of the Law Enforcement Officials at Street Level

时间问题是组织管理中容易被忽略的问题,也是政治分析中隐而不宣的问题。本研究的问题是,针对执法工作的时间规则究竟造成了什么样的反应性行动,时间对执法人员及其执法过程产生了什么影响,是谁在决定街头官僚的工作时间及其分配和利用?本研究以执法人员的工作日志表为手段,获得了T市多区域执法人员时间分配的基本数据,分析了组织和执法人员的时间分配的状况及其效果,进而从时间的跨度、节奏、弹性、掌控以及效用等方面探讨了时间分配及其管理的基本维度,揭示当前基层执法人员时间分配的基本状况,最后在此基础上探讨了基于时间支配和掌控而形成的权力结构及其政治关系。

The problem of working time is an easily neglected problem in organizational management and a hidden and unacknowledged problem in political analysis. This research will study such questions:what reactive actions do the streetlevel-bureaucrats devise to respond to the time rule for the law enforcement? What influences do working hours exert upon the street-level-bureaucrats and their process of law enforcement? Who is in charge of deciding the working time of the street—level—bureaucrats and its allocation and utilization? Basing on their work logs, this study gets the basic data of working time allocation of the law enforcement in many regions of T city. This research will analyze their time distribution and its efficiency, and then discuss the basic dimension of time allotment and management in such aspects as time span, rhythm, flexibility, control and efficiency, aiming to reveal the basic condition of time allocation of the law enforcement at the community level. Finally, basing on the study above, this study will probe into the power structure and political relations that are based on the time domination and time control.