酒精所致精神障碍住院病人的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of inpatients with alcohol-induced mental disorders

目的:探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者的一般情况、流行病学、临床特点及转归。方法:收集天津市3家私立专科医院2010年、2015年两年确诊为酒依赖/酒精所致精神障碍的住院病历进行回顾性调查分析。结果:收集2010年和2015年三家医院酒精所致精神障碍病患共123例,男女比例为40∶1,发病年龄为20~75岁;两年患者职业分布改变差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2010年工人所占的比例较多,2015年工人所占比例下降、无业及其他所占比例较高;所有病例分型以依赖综合征和戒断症状最多,病例合并躯体疾病者较多,精神症状以情感障碍、幻觉妄想为主;经入院治疗,有78.05%的病例好转、痊愈。结论:长期大量饮酒,损害身心健康,对社会、家庭易造成不利影响,及时干预、积极采取有效的措施有利于疾病防控、转归,故酒精所致精神障碍患者宜尽早戒酒。

Objective： To explore the general condition,epidemiological and clinical features and outcome of alcohol-induced mental disorders. Methods： A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the inpatient medical records of alcohol-dependent/alcohol-induced mental disorders in three private hospitals in Tianjin in 2010 and 2015. Results： 123 cases of patients with alcohol-induced mental disorders were collected in 2010 and 2015,with a male to female ratio of 40： 1 and an age range from 20 to 75 years. There was a significant difference in occupational distribution in the two years（ P〈0. 05）. The proportion of workers in 2010 was higher while the proportion in 2015 decreased and the proportion of unemployed and others was high. Alcohol dependence syndrome and abstinence syndrome accounted for the majority in all cases; physical illness accounted for the majority in case merging; emotional disorders,hallucinations and delusion were the majority in mental symptoms. By the hospital treatment,78. 05 % of the cases improved and healed. Conclusion： Long-term heavy drinking causes damages to physical and mental health,and it tends to affect the community and family adversely. Timely intervention and effective measures contributes to disease prevention and control,so patients with alcohol-induced mental disorders should abstain from drinking as early as possible.