藏医药古籍《月王药诊》中药用种子植物特征分析

Characteristics of Medicinal Plants in Yue Wang Yao Zhen

目的:《月王药诊》是我国现存最早的藏医药学古典名著,但关于该著作中的药用植物特征研究不多,旨在系统研究该古籍中的药用种子植物特征。方法:采用文献整理和数据挖掘比对方法对《月王药诊》中的药用种子植物进行研究。结果:整理统计出《月王药诊》中种子药用物88科,212属,311种,其分别占西藏植物总科数、总属数、总种数的51.60%、19.00%和5.90%;占青海植物总科数、总属数、总种数的90.70%、35.00%和13.30%。在生活型上,草本类最多,有218种,占药用植物总数的70.00%;属区系组成以北温带分布类型较多,共有59属,占总属数的27.96%,其他类型均占相应比例,且在分布类型上和西藏以及青海属的分布类型和比例有较高的相似性。结论:《月王药诊》中记载的药用种子植物在植物种类和生活型上有较好的多样性,在属的分布特征上呈现多样化,以北温带分布类型稍占优势,整体分布类型与西藏和青海的相似程度高。

Objective：Yue Wang Yao Zhen is China＇s earliest existing classical Tibetan medicine masterpiece. The purpose of this paper is to systematically study the characteristics of medicinal seed plants in this ancient book. Methods ： literature review and data mining were used. Results： 311 species of medicinal seed plants belonging to 212 genera and 88 families were documented in Yue Wang Yao Zhen, which accounted for 5.90%, 19.00M and 51.60% of the total species, genera and families of seed plants of Xizang respectively and for 13.30 %,35.00 % and 90.70 % of the total species, genera and families of seed plants of Qinghai. In different life forms there are 218 species of herbs medicinal plants, which accounted for 70 % of total medicinalPlants. 59 genera, 27.96 % of genera, belonged to north temperate type. Distribution patterns of genera in Yue Wang Yao Zhen show higher similarity with that in Xizang and Qinghai. Conclusion ： There are rich and varied medical plants in Yue Wang Yao Zhen.