奥巴马政府总统科学技术顾问委员会的咨询机制和政策效果及其对中国的启示

A Study on the Advisory Mechanism and Its Effects on Policy-making of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology of Obama Administration and Its Inspiration to China

[目的/意义]国家科技决策咨询制度建设进入一个新的阶段,面临许多新的课题,为此需要借鉴世界其他国家的发展经验。[方法/过程]本论文选择美国奥巴马政府总统科学技术顾问委员会(PCAST)为案例,基于奥巴马政府网站关于PCAST的会议记录和报告原文,采取文本分析和案例研究为主的方法,从咨询课题的来源、工作的开展和对工作结果的反馈方面,研究PCAST的咨询机制。[结果/结论]通过对PCAST成功案例的分析,把PCAST咨询工作影响决策的方式分为:协同持续型、战略指导型、解决问题型、科学支撑型4种。本文总结了PCAST成功的若干结论,提出了中国国家科技决策咨询制度建设的若干建议。

[Purpose/significance] China＇s construction of science and technology decision-making advisory system at the national level has entered a new stage, facing many new problems, for which we need to learn from the development experience of other countries in the world. [Method/process] This paper chose the President＇s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology（PCAST） of the Obama administration as a case, based on the PCAST meeting records and the report on the white house website, taking the text analysis and case-based approach to study its functions and fields, advisory mechanism, important advisory and its effects. [Result/conclusion] This study classifies PCAST advisory work influencing the policy-making and implementation into four types： on-going synergy, strategic guiding, solving problem and scientific supporting. This paper draws several conclusions for the PCAST success work and puts forward some reference suggestion for the construction of national science and technology advisory system for decision-making in China.