西方政治思想史上的“牧羊人隐喻”——福柯生命政治学视角

The 'Shepherd Metaphor' in the History of Western Political Thought——Foucault's View of Biopolitics

西方政治思想史上一直存在"牧羊人隐喻",用来指称君主或政治领袖与臣民或公民之间的治理关系。经过基督教的发展,牧羊人隐喻延伸出一套严密的牧领制度,对西方政治产生了深远影响。法国哲学家福柯在其多部作品和多次演讲中对西方政治思想史上的"牧羊人"隐喻进行了创造性地阐发,从而引出了他的生命政治学概念。

The'shepherd metaphor' in the history of western political thought refers to the governance relationship between monarchs or political leaders and subjects or citizens.With the development of Christianity,a strict system of pastorate was extended from the'shepherd metaphor',which has profound and lasting influence on western politics.Foucault,a French philosopher,creatively elucidated the'shepherd metaphor'in many of his works and speeches,which led to his concept of biopolitics.