我国是失业保险模式,还是失业救济模式?——基于国外发达国家经验的视角

Unemployment Insurance Mode or Unemployment Benefits Mode in Our Country?——Based on the perspective of developed countries' experience

在对比分析国内外失业保障模式的基础上,得出我国失业保障制度在运行中存在待遇标准偏低、平滑消费的功能乏力、参保人与受保人错位、基金累计结余奇高且仍将继续增长等诸多问题。我国既不是失业保险模式,也不是失业救济模式,而是在缴费阶段采用失业保险,在待遇发放阶段采用失业救济,严重违背了参保人权利与义务对等的原则。对此,应在待遇发放阶段,改与工资无关联的失业救济模式为与工资关联的失业保险模式,并逐步扩大制度的覆盖范围,提高制度的精准率,此外,还应完善失业保障体系,适当加强预防失业和促进就业功能。

With summarizing the foreign unemployment insurance models, the article made analysis of the issues under the operation of domestic unemployment insurance system, including low treatment standards, consumption smoothing function not in place, the insured and the beneficiary dislocation, fund accumulated surplus extraordinarily high with continuous growth and so on. The article considered that our country is neither unemployment insurance model, nor unemployment benefits mode, while using unemployment insurance in payment collection stage, using unemployment benefits in the treat- ment paid stage, which seriously breach of the equivalent principles of the rights and obligations for the insured persons. To solve the above problems, the article suggested that in treatment paid stage, unemployment benefits mode with no wage as- sociated should change to unemployment insurance model with the wages associated, and gradually expand the coverage of the system, improve the accuracy rate of the system. Besides, it also proposed to improve the unemployment insurance system, and strengthen the function of unemployment prevention and employment promotion appropriately.